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</a></div> <!----></nav>  <ul class="sidebar-links"><li><a href="/go/introduction.html" class="sidebar-link">Go语言</a></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading open"><span>Go教程</span> <span class="arrow down"></span></p> <ul class="sidebar-links sidebar-group-items"><li><a href="/go/learn-go/10 从零搭建Go语言开发环境.html" class="sidebar-link">从零搭建Go语言开发环境</a></li><li><a href="/go/learn-go/11 第一个Go程序.html" class="sidebar-link">第一个Go程序Hello World</a></li><li><a href="/go/learn-go/12 Go 语言数据类型.html" class="sidebar-link">Go语言数据类型</a></li><li><a href="/go/learn-go/13 Go语言变量.html" class="sidebar-link">Go语言变量</a></li><li><a href="/go/learn-go/14 Go语言常量.html" class="sidebar-link">Go语言常量</a></li><li><a href="/go/learn-go/15 Go 语言运算符.html" class="sidebar-link">Go语言运算符</a></li><li><a href="/go/learn-go/16 Go语言条件语句.html" class="sidebar-link">Go语言条件语句</a></li><li><a href="/go/learn-go/17 Go语言的循环语句.html" class="sidebar-link">Go语言的循环语句</a></li><li><a href="/go/learn-go/18 Go 语言数组.html" class="sidebar-link">Go语言数组</a></li><li><a href="/go/learn-go/19 Go语言切片.html" class="sidebar-link">Go语言基础之切片</a></li><li><a href="/go/learn-go/20 Go语言map.html" class="sidebar-link">Go语言基础之map</a></li><li><a href="/go/learn-go/21 Go语言指针.html" class="sidebar-link">Go语言指针</a></li><li><a href="/go/learn-go/22 Go语言函数.html" class="sidebar-link">Go语言函数</a></li><li><a href="/go/learn-go/23  fmt.Printf总结.html" class="sidebar-link">fmt.Printf总结</a></li><li><a href="/go/learn-go/24 Go语言常用方法总结.html" class="sidebar-link">Go常用方法总结</a></li><li><a href="/go/learn-go/25 Go语言结构体.html" class="sidebar-link">Go语言结构体</a></li><li><a href="/go/learn-go/26 Go语言方法.html" class="active sidebar-link">Go语言方法</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/go/learn-go/26 Go语言方法.html#_1-方法的定义" class="sidebar-link">1 方法的定义</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/go/learn-go/26 Go语言方法.html#_1-1-指针类型的接收者" class="sidebar-link">1.1 指针类型的接收者</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/go/learn-go/26 Go语言方法.html#_1-2-值类型的接收者" class="sidebar-link">1.2 值类型的接收者</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/go/learn-go/26 Go语言方法.html#_1-3-什么时候使用指针类型接收者" class="sidebar-link">1.3 什么时候使用指针类型接收者</a></li></ul></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/go/learn-go/26 Go语言方法.html#_2-为什么有函数了还需要方法呢" class="sidebar-link">2 为什么有函数了还需要方法呢</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/go/learn-go/26 Go语言方法.html#_3-任意类型添加方法" class="sidebar-link">3 任意类型添加方法</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/go/learn-go/26 Go语言方法.html#_4-结构体的-继承" class="sidebar-link">4 结构体的“继承”</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/go/learn-go/26 Go语言方法.html#函数和方法的区别" class="sidebar-link">函数和方法的区别</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/go/learn-go/27 Go语言接口.html" class="sidebar-link">Go语言接口</a></li><li><a href="/go/learn-go/28 Go语言并发编程.html" class="sidebar-link">Go语言并发编程</a></li><li><a href="/go/learn-go/29 Go语言文件操作.html" class="sidebar-link">Go语言文件操作</a></li><li><a href="/go/learn-go/30 Go语言单元测试.html" class="sidebar-link">Go语言单元测试</a></li><li><a href="/go/learn-go/31 Go语言之http.html" class="sidebar-link">Go语言之http</a></li></ul></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>Go Web框架</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>Go工具中间件</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li></ul> </aside> <main class="page"> <div class="theme-default-content content__default"><h1 id="go语言方法"><a href="#go语言方法" class="header-anchor">#</a> Go语言方法</h1> <h2 id="_1-方法的定义"><a href="#_1-方法的定义" class="header-anchor">#</a> 1 方法的定义</h2> <blockquote><p>Go语言中的方法（<code>Method</code>）是一种作用于特定类型变量的函数。方法是与对象实例绑定的特殊函数。
这种特定类型变量叫做接收者（<code>Receiver</code>）。接收者的概念就类似于其他语言中的<code>this</code>或者 <code>self</code>。</p></blockquote> <div class="custom-block tip"><p class="custom-block-title">方法定义语法</p> <div class="language-go line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-go"><code><span class="token keyword">func</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>接收者变量 接收者类型<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 方法名<span class="token punctuation">(</span>参数列表<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>返回参数<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token comment">//方法体</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><ul><li>接收者变量：接收者中的参数变量名在命名时，官方建议使用接收者类型名的第一个小写字母，而不是self、this之类的命名。</li> <li>接收者类型：接收者类型和参数类似，可以是指针类型和非指针类型。</li> <li>方法名、参数列表、返回参数：具体格式与函数定义相同。</li></ul></div> <p>举例如下</p> <div class="language-go line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-go"><code><span class="token keyword">package</span> main

<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token string">&quot;fmt&quot;</span>

<span class="token keyword">type</span> student <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	name <span class="token builtin">string</span>
	age  <span class="token builtin">int</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">type</span> dog <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	name <span class="token builtin">string</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">func</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>s <span class="token operator">*</span>student<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token function">say</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	fmt<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;%s向大家问好\n&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> s<span class="token punctuation">.</span>name<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">func</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	<span class="token comment">//声明一个变量stu</span>
	<span class="token keyword">var</span> stu student
	<span class="token comment">//变量赋值</span>
	stu<span class="token punctuation">.</span>name<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">&quot;福小林&quot;</span>
	<span class="token comment">//调用student类型特定的方法say()</span>
	stu<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">say</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
	
<span class="token comment">/*  var d dog
	d.name=&quot;牧羊犬&quot;
	//此处不能调用say(),报错d.say undefined (type dog has no field or method say)
	d.say() */</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br></div></div><h3 id="_1-1-指针类型的接收者"><a href="#_1-1-指针类型的接收者" class="header-anchor">#</a> 1.1 指针类型的接收者</h3> <blockquote><p>指针类型的接收者由一个结构体的指针组成，由于指针的特性，调用方法时修改接收者指针的任意成员变量，在方法结束后，修改都是有效的。这种方式就十分接近于其他语言中面向对象中的this或者self。 例如我们为Person添加一个SetAge方法，来修改实例变量的年龄。</p></blockquote> <div class="language-go line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-go"><code><span class="token comment">//定义一个student的结构体</span>
<span class="token keyword">type</span> student <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	name <span class="token builtin">string</span>
	age  <span class="token builtin">int</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">func</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>s <span class="token operator">*</span>student<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token function">say</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	s<span class="token punctuation">.</span>age<span class="token operator">++</span>

<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">func</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	<span class="token comment">//声明一个变量stu</span>
	<span class="token keyword">var</span> stu student
	<span class="token comment">//变量赋值</span>
	stu<span class="token punctuation">.</span>name<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">&quot;张三&quot;</span>
	stu<span class="token punctuation">.</span>age<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">18</span>
	fmt<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;调用say()方法之前%s的年龄%d\n&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>stu<span class="token punctuation">.</span>name<span class="token punctuation">,</span>stu<span class="token punctuation">.</span>age<span class="token punctuation">)</span>  <span class="token comment">//18</span>
	<span class="token comment">//调用student类型特定的方法say()</span>
	stu<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">say</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
	fmt<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;调用say()方法后%s的年龄%d\n&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>stu<span class="token punctuation">.</span>name<span class="token punctuation">,</span>stu<span class="token punctuation">.</span>age<span class="token punctuation">)</span>  <span class="token comment">//19</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br></div></div><h3 id="_1-2-值类型的接收者"><a href="#_1-2-值类型的接收者" class="header-anchor">#</a> 1.2 值类型的接收者</h3> <blockquote><p>当方法作用于值类型接收者时，Go语言会在代码运行时将接收者的值复制一份。在值类型接收者的方法中可以获取接收者的成员值，但修改操作只是针对副本，无法修改接收者变量本身。</p></blockquote> <div class="language-go line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-go"><code>
<span class="token keyword">type</span> student <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	name <span class="token builtin">string</span>
	age  <span class="token builtin">int</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">func</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>s student<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token function">say</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	s<span class="token punctuation">.</span>age<span class="token operator">++</span>

<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">func</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	<span class="token comment">//声明一个变量stu</span>
	<span class="token keyword">var</span> stu student
	<span class="token comment">//变量赋值</span>
	stu<span class="token punctuation">.</span>name<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">&quot;李四&quot;</span>
	stu<span class="token punctuation">.</span>age<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">30</span>
	fmt<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;调用say()方法之前%s的年龄%d\n&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>stu<span class="token punctuation">.</span>name<span class="token punctuation">,</span>stu<span class="token punctuation">.</span>age<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">//30</span>
	<span class="token comment">//调用student类型特定的方法say()</span>
	stu<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">say</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
	fmt<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;调用say()方法后%s的年龄%d\n&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>stu<span class="token punctuation">.</span>name<span class="token punctuation">,</span>stu<span class="token punctuation">.</span>age<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">//30</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br></div></div><h3 id="_1-3-什么时候使用指针类型接收者"><a href="#_1-3-什么时候使用指针类型接收者" class="header-anchor">#</a> 1.3 什么时候使用指针类型接收者</h3> <ul><li>需要修改接收者中的值</li> <li>接收者是拷贝代价比较大的大对象</li> <li>保证一致性，如果有某个方法使用了指针接收者，那么其他的方法也应该使用指针接收者。</li></ul> <h2 id="_2-为什么有函数了还需要方法呢"><a href="#_2-为什么有函数了还需要方法呢" class="header-anchor">#</a> 2 为什么有函数了还需要方法呢</h2> <div class="custom-block tip"><p class="custom-block-title">原因</p> <ul><li>Go不是纯粹的面向对象编程语言,而且Go不支持类.因此基于类型的方法是一种实现和类相似行为的途径</li> <li>相同的名字的方法可以定义在不同的类型上，而相同名字的函数是不被允许的。</li></ul></div> <h2 id="_3-任意类型添加方法"><a href="#_3-任意类型添加方法" class="header-anchor">#</a> 3 任意类型添加方法</h2> <blockquote><p>在Go语言中，接收者的类型可以是任何类型，不仅仅是结构体，任何类型都可以拥有方法。 举个例子，我们基于内置的int类型使用type关键字可以定义新的自定义类型，然后为我们的自定义类型添加方法</p></blockquote> <div class="language-go line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-go"><code><span class="token comment">//MyInt 将int定义为自定义MyInt类型</span>
<span class="token keyword">type</span> MyInt <span class="token builtin">int</span>

<span class="token comment">//SayHello 为MyInt添加一个SayHello的方法</span>
<span class="token keyword">func</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>m MyInt<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token function">SayHello</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	fmt<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Hello, 我是一个int。&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">func</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	<span class="token keyword">var</span> m1 MyInt
	m1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">SayHello</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">//Hello, 我是一个int。</span>
	m1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">100</span>
	fmt<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;%#v  %T\n&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> m1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> m1<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">//100  main.MyInt</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><p><strong>注意:非本地类型不能定义方法，也就是说我们不能给别的包的类型定义方法。</strong></p> <h2 id="_4-结构体的-继承"><a href="#_4-结构体的-继承" class="header-anchor">#</a> 4 结构体的“继承”</h2> <blockquote><p>Go语言中使用结构体也可以模拟实现其他编程语言中面向对象的继承。</p></blockquote> <div class="language-go line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-go"><code><span class="token keyword">package</span> main

<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token string">&quot;fmt&quot;</span>

<span class="token comment">//Animal 动物</span>
<span class="token keyword">type</span> Animal <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	name <span class="token builtin">string</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">func</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>a Animal<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token function">move</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	fmt<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;%s会动！\n&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> a<span class="token punctuation">.</span>name<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token comment">//Dog 狗  Dog包裹了Animal 模拟继承了Animal  </span>
<span class="token keyword">type</span> Dog <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	Feet    <span class="token builtin">int8</span>
	Animal <span class="token comment">//Animal拥有的方法，Dog也拥有了，因为Dog包裹了Animal，通过嵌套匿名结构体模拟实现继承</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">func</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>d Dog<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token function">wang</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	fmt<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;%s会汪汪汪~\n&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> d<span class="token punctuation">.</span>name<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// d.name相当于 d.Animal.name</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">func</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	d1 <span class="token operator">:=</span> Dog<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
		Feet<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
		Animal<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Animal<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
			name<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;旺财&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
		<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
	<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
	d1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">wang</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">//旺财会汪汪汪~</span>
	d1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">move</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">//旺财会动！</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br></div></div><h2 id="函数和方法的区别"><a href="#函数和方法的区别" class="header-anchor">#</a> 函数和方法的区别</h2> <div class="custom-block danger"><p class="custom-block-title">函数和方法的区别</p> <p>1、普通函数：接收者(函数参数)为值类型时，不能将指针类型的数据直接传递，反之亦然。</p> <div class="language-go line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-go"><code><span class="token keyword">func</span> <span class="token function">function_name</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>parameter list<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>return_types<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
   <span class="token comment">/*函数体*/</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><p>2、方法(如struct方法)： 接收者为值类型时，可以直接用指针类型的变量调用方法，反之亦然。</p> <div class="language-go line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-go"><code><span class="token keyword">func</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>variable_name variable_data_type<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token function">function_name</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>return_type<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
   <span class="token comment">/* 方法体*/</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div></div> <div class="custom-block tip"><p class="custom-block-title">TIP</p> <ul><li><p>方法与函数的区别是，函数不属于任何类型，方法属于特定的类型</p></li> <li><p>方法是与对象实例绑定的特殊函数。</p></li> <li><p>用于维护和展示对象自身的状态。对象是内敛的。普通函数则专注与算法流程，通过接受参数来完成特定的逻辑运算，并返回最终结果，方法是有关联状态的，函数通常是没有的。</p></li> <li><p>方法和函数定义语法区别在于前者实例接受参数，编译器以此确定方法所属的类型。在一些语言中尽管没有定义，但是函数使用了隐式的传递this实例参数。</p></li></ul></div></div> <footer class="page-edit"><!----> <!----></footer> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev">
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